Why Some Plants and Trees Don’t Survive Winter
Homeowners in Stratford, St. Marys, and across Perth and Oxford Counties know that our winters consist of more than just a scenic dusting of snow. For a garden, the freeze-thaw cycles of Southwestern Ontario (Hardiness Zones 5b and 6a) presents a unique set of challenges.
If you’ve ever uncovered a favourite shrub in April only to find brittle, grey branches, you aren’t alone. Understanding why plants fail in winter is the first step toward building a resilient, year-round landscape.
Why Your Plants Might Struggle in Winter
Several factors dictate whether a plant thrives or fails when the mercury drops. It is rarely just about the temperature; it is usually a combination of environment and preparation.
- Improper Placement and Exposure
A plant’s “microclimate” matters as much as the regional zone. Plants positioned in the path of prevailing northwest winds or near salt-heavy roadsides face extreme stress. Desiccation—or “winter burn”—occurs when cold winds draw moisture out of evergreen needles faster than the frozen roots can replace it. - The Lack of a True Dormant Period
Plants need to “harden off” in the fall. If we experience an unusually warm October followed by a sudden, sharp deep freeze, plants may not have completed the chemical changes necessary for dormancy. This leaves their cellular structures vulnerable to ice crystals that can rupture plant tissues. - Fall Preparation Mistakes
Too much nitrogen fertilizer late in the summer can encourage a flush of new, tender growth that has no chance of surviving a frost. It’s important to understand when and how to apply fertilizer. Similarly, failing to provide adequate deep watering before the ground freezes leaves the plant entering winter in a state of dehydration. - Soil Drainage and “Wet Feet”
In our region’s heavy clay soils, poor drainage is a silent killer. When snow melts and refreezes, standing water around the crown of a plant can lead to root rot or ice encasement, which smothers the plant’s ability to exchange gases.
Choosing Hardy Plants, Shrubs, and Trees for Our Region
The most effective way to ensure winter survival is to select plants rated for Zone 5 or lower. While a “Zone 6” plant might survive a mild winter in a sheltered spot on your property, a true “Polar Vortex” year will likely claim it.
Always check the tag for the Canadian Plant Hardiness Zone. If you are in a particularly open or rural area outside of town, lean toward Zone 4 plants for extra peace of mind.
Winter Prep: Pruning, Mulching, and Wrapping
To give your landscape the best chance, follow these three pillars of winter maintenance:
Mulching: Apply 2-3 inches of shredded cedar or hardwood mulch around the base of your plants in late autumn. This acts as an insulator, regulating soil temperature and preventing “frost heaving,” where the ground expands and pushes roots out of the soil.
Wrapping and Screening: For sensitive evergreens like Yews or young Cedars, use burlap to create a windbreak. Avoid wrapping burlap tightly directly against the foliage; instead, use stakes to create a protective “tent” that blocks wind and salt spray.
Pruning: Remove dead or damaged branches in the fall, but avoid heavy structural pruning on spring-blooming species (like Forsythia or Lilac), as you’ll be cutting off next year’s flowers.
Winter-Sensitive Plants & Local Alternatives
Sometimes we fall in love with a plant that isn’t quite right for the Stratford climate. Here are common “risky” plants and their hardier local look-alikes:
| The “Risky” Choice | Why it Struggles | The Hardy Alternative |
| Japanese Maple (Bloodgood) | Vulnerable to late spring frosts and biting winds. |
Serviceberry (Amelanchier): Offers stunning fall color and delicate white spring blooms.
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| Butterfly Bush (Buddleia) | Often dies back to the ground; may not return after a -25°C night. |
Bluebeard (Caryopteris): Provides that late-summer purple pop and is much more reliable.
|
| Rose of Sharon | Very slow to leaf out and prone to winter kill in Zone 5b. |
Seven-Son Flower (Heptacodium): Unique bark, late flowers, and incredibly hardy.
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| English Lavender | Dislikes “wet feet” and heavy snow weight. |
‘Phenomenal’ or ‘Munstead’ Lavender: Specific cultivars bred to handle Ontario’s humidity and cold.
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Expert Landscape Care in Stratford
Building a garden that stands the test of time requires local knowledge. At A Touch of Dutch Landscaping, we specialize in designing and maintaining gardens that reflect the beauty of Southwestern Ontario while respecting its climate.
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Choose the Right Plants
Not all snow or ice needs to be removed. In some cases, it’s better to leave it alone to avoid causing more harm than good.
Examine the Shape of Shrubs
Initial Watering: Immediately after planting or transplanting, water the tree thoroughly. This helps settle the soil and eliminate air pockets around the roots.
When to Fertilize: Avoid fertilizing immediately after planting. Wait until the tree shows signs of new growth, which indicates it has begun to establish its roots.
Staking: Young trees may need to be staked to protect them from strong winds, especially in exposed areas. Use flexible tree ties that allow some movement, promoting a stronger trunk.
Frost Protection: In areas prone to frost, new 
The soils in Southwestern Ontario are diverse, shaped by various factors including climate, parent material, and topography. Common soil types include clay, loam, and sandy soils. Each soil type has unique characteristics that affect water retention, drainage, and nutrient availability.
Selecting the appropriate plants for your soil type is crucial for a thriving landscape in Southwestern Ontario:
Homeowners in Southwestern Ontario can proactively improve soil conditions to meet their landscaping needs. Here are some suggestions: